An ISP or Image Signal Processor is a dedicated processor in an imaging system that is responsible for processing images. The ISP transforms raw sensor data into optimized images by applying demosaicing, white balance, noise reduction, color, and HDR. Its architecture combines A/D, digital processing and memory, and today integrates AI to improve low light, dynamic range and detail. It can provide high-speed mathematical and data transfer operations, as well as some dedicated hardware modules, such as automatic exposure control, automatic focus, and automatic white balance.
[PDF Version]